Interrogation also called questioning or interpellation is commonly employed by police officers, military personnel, and intelligence agencies with an aim of extracting confession or obtaining information. The subjects, for instance, are often the suspects, victims, or witnesses of a crime. Such an interrogation procedure may implicate a different series of techniques, ranging from developing a relationship with the subject to outright torture.
So far, there are
multiple techniques employed in interrogation execution including deception,
torture, elevating suggestibility and the use of mind-altering drugs to some
extent. A person’s suggestibility, for example, is executed according to how
willing they are to accept and act on suggestions by others. In many case,
interrogators seek to increase a subject’s suggestibility by employing several
methods such as moderate sleep deprivation, exposure to constant white noise,
and the use of GABAergic drugs such as sodium amytal or sodium thiopental.
#1 DECEPTION
- Deception can form a
central part of effective interrogation. In the United States, for instance,
there is no explicit law or regulation which prohibits the interrogators from
lying about the strength of their case; from making up misleading statements or
implying that the interviewee has already been entangled in a crime scene by
someone else.
- As mentioned above, the issue of deception
is regarded traditionally from the perspective of the interrogators engaging in
deception towards the individual being interrogated. Recently, work completed
regarding effective interview methods used to collect information from
individuals who score in the medium to high range on measures of
psychopathology are engaged in deception directed towards the interrogator have
appeared in the literature. In any case, the significance of allowing the
psychopathic interviewee to tell one lie after another and not confronting
until all the lies have been presented is essential when the goal is to utilize
the interview process to expose the improbable statements made in future court
proceedings.
#2 REID TECHNIQUE
- The Reid Technique is
basically a trademarked interrogation technique which is widely utilized by law
enforcement agencies in North America. The technique which requires
interrogators to watch the body language of suspects to detect lies has been
criticized for being difficult to apply across cultures, especially when it
comes to eliciting false confessions from innocent people.
#3 TORTURE
- Such an interrogation
scheme may involve torture if necessary. When torture is employed, the first
thing that the interrogator typically does is speculating on the series of
information gained that she/he would like to extract from the subject detained.
As a result, this assists the interrogator in creating a benchmark which the
subject must meet in order to end painful or adverse situations that occur
during torture.
- The process of
carrying out torture to extract certain targeted information may incur three
possible outcomes. Firstly, the subject knows nothing and provides made-up
stories or a false confession in order to cease the torture. Secondly, the
subject has the information which the interrogator seeks but is able to hold
out or divert the interrogator’s attention with fabrication. Thirdly, the
subject yields or surrenders under torture and eventually offers the
interrogator truthful information. Although interrogation can provide three
possible results, however, there is still much controversy that surrounds its
process because of both human rights implications and the fact that it remains
very likely that an innocent suspect can be tortured.
- When the subject of
torture does not actually possess information or is found to be innocent, the
subject may provide a false confession. If not, that individual must bear with
the procedures within the knowledge that he/she cannot stop it. Many human
rights organizations and political figures have spotlighted those facts. They
have pointed out that torture carries the possibility of ineffectiveness when
it comes to drilling up accurate and precise information.
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